Control stefan problem

The accurate and efficient solution of time-dependent PDE-constrained optimization problems is a challenging task, in large part due to the very high dimension of the matrix systems that need to be solved. We devise a new deferred correction method for coupled systems of time-dependent PDEs, allowing one to iteratively improve the accuracy of low-order time stepping schemes.New Rumor Vs. Reality Reality: The existence of a vulnerability in election technology is not evidence that the vulnerability has been exploited or that the results of an election have been impacted. Technology has vulnerabilities. Identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities is an important security practice. Rumor: Vulnerabilities in election technology mean that elections have been hacked and ...Optimal Control of a Stefan Problem with Gradient-Based Methods in FEniCS Master Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Mathematics at Otto-von-Guericke-Universit at Magdeburg in accordance with the requirements for the degree Master of Science authored by Bj orn Baran born at December 08, 1989 in Flensburg, university course Mathematics.Structurally, such a problem is an optimal control problem. That type of problem is ubiquitous. Resorting to advanced and partly non-standard methods for computing optimal controls, we solve some instances of the campaign problem. ... Stefan König b, Sascha Kurz a, Christoph Niemann c and Jörg Rambau a (2015) a Universität Bayreuth, Germany; ...The following four papers, provide indicative examples of use of Model Predictive Control methods for the problem of flight (and in one case, physical interaction) control of aerial robotics: ... Stefan Leutenegger, Kostas Alexis, Roland Y. Siegwart, "Explicit Model Predictive Control and L1-Navigation Strategies for Fixed-Wing UAV Path ...Control Cybern.8, 213-225 (1979) Google Scholar Primicerio, M.: The occurence of pathologies in some Stefan-like problems. Int. Ser. Numer. Math.58, 233-244 (1982) Google Scholar Reemtsen, R., Kirsch, A.: A method for the numerical solution of the one-dimensional inverse Stefan problem, part I, II.In the control literature on the Stefan problem, there have been many techniques suggested. The approach used in [7] is to solve the inverse Stefan problem, i.e. impose a desired trajectory of the boundary and determine computationally a temperature proﬁle.Historical note. The problem is named after Josef Stefan (Jožef Stefan), the Slovenian physicist who introduced the general class of such problems around 1890 in a series of four papers concerning the freezing of the ground and the formation of sea ice. However, some 60 years earlier, in 1831, an equivalent problem, concerning the formation of the Earth's crust, had been studied by Lamé and ...A rigorous scientific test, in which companies separate an independent variable (the presumed cause) from a dependent variable (the observed effect) while holding all other potential causes ...This paper presents a control design for the one-phase Stefan problem under actuator delay via a backstepping method. The Stefan problem represents a liquid-solid phase change phenomenon which describes the time evolution of a material's temperature profile and the interface position. The actuator delay is modeled by a first-order hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE), resulting in a ...Prevention of Carpenter Bees. Steel-Wool: Use steel-wool to stuff the burrows. Once you seal the burrow openings, it's impossible for them to get in or out of their nests. After the bees inside the burrows die, you could seal the openings with wood putty, and paint it with wood color to cover it up. Be Creative: Discourage a bee infestation ...California is currently ranked 47th in land-use freedom, indicating it has a lot of work to do in terms of scaling back regulations. The question of affordable housing boils down to housing supply, which land-use restrictions impede. Sacramento's housing dilemma is a microcosm of the problems California is currently facing.The reason is that the Stefan condition on the free boundary includes the saltus of the boundary flux from neighbouring phases, and by fixing free boundary as a control parameter the Stefan... It Could Be Years Before America's Inflation Problem Is Under Control. Listen long enough to Jerome Powell, the Chair of the Federal Reserve, and you're likely to hear him tell you that the ...A problem that arises when studying physical processes related to phase transformation of matter. The simplest two-phase Stefan problem is formulated in thermo-physical terms as follows (, ): Find the distribution of the temperature $ u( x, t) $ and the law of motion of the dividing boundary $ \xi = \xi ( t) $( for example, the boundary "ice-water" in freezing water) from the equation of heat ...Jul 04, 2012 · The Molyneux Problem. [ Universally Preferable Behavior: A Rational Proof for Secular Ethics • By Stefan Molyneux • Freedomain Library, 2007 • 134 pages 1] Stefan Molyneux is a popular libertarian broadcaster who has in recent years acquired a considerable following. In Universally Preferable Behavior, he takes on an ambitious task. Nov 01, 2020 · The associated problem of analyzing and finding the solutions to the Stefan model is referred to as the “Stefan problem .” It is named after the Austrian physicist Josef Stefan, who was one of the most distinguished and influential physicists of the nineteenth century, celebrated for his numerous contributions to thermodynamics and heat transfer from the experimental perspective. New Rumor Vs. Reality Reality: The existence of a vulnerability in election technology is not evidence that the vulnerability has been exploited or that the results of an election have been impacted. Technology has vulnerabilities. Identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities is an important security practice. Rumor: Vulnerabilities in election technology mean that elections have been hacked and ...Sep 01, 2015 · Procurement Manager. 2008–20113 Jahre. Zürich und Umgebung, Schweiz. • Deputy for departmental manager. • International procurement of equipment and systems for steel plants as “lead buyer”. • Preparation and assistance during negotiation of manufacturing contracts. • Strategic support and development of sourcing markets in China ... The results are illustrated with guiding examples and simple quantum physics and chemistry applications. Patrick Gelß, Stefan Klus, I SCHUSTER, Christof Schütte (2021) Feature space approximation for kernel-based supervised learning, In: Knowledge-Based Systems 221 106935 Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2021.106935.we introduce the one-phase Stefan problem with a heat loss at the interface by modeling the dynamics of the liquid temperature and the interface position. We focus on the closed-loop system under the control law proposed in [16] that is designed to stabilize the interface position at a desired position for theHi Stefan, Scripting tracker is very good tool..!! Thanks for sharing it. I have a small problem here, hope you can explain it to me. When I use recorder part of tool and try to save some part where a dialog box pops up - "SAVE AS LOCAL" that part is not getting recorded by tool. Below is my small example. session.findById("wnd[0]").maximizeThe two-phase Stefan problem is a classical model for phase change phenom- ena. It is based on the heat conduction equation in the solid and in the liquid phases. The motion of the interface (the freezing front) between these two phases is caused by a jump of the temperature gradient across the interface.Jun 13, 2022 · Enacting gun control legislation will only hinder those who wish to follow the law while increasing their vulnerability to lawbreakers. For example, on June 9, two Florida siblings proved that if ... Optimal Control of a Stefan Problem with Gradient-Based Methods in FEniCS Master Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Mathematics at Otto-von-Guericke-Universit at Magdeburg in accordance with the requirements for the degree Master of Science authored by Bj orn Baran born at December 08, 1989 in Flensburg, university course Mathematics.At publication, The Control Handbook immediately became the definitive resource that engineers working with modern control systems required. Among its many accolades, that first edition was cited by the AAP as the Best Engineering Handbook of 1996. Now, 15 years later, William Levine has once again compiled the most comprehensive and authoritative resource on control engineering. He has fully ...control of the two-phase stefan problem, with an application to the continuous casting of steel. InDecision and Control (CDC), 2010 49th IEEE Conference on, pages 1731Ð1736. IEEE, 2010. [10] Ahmed Maidi and Jean-Pierre Corriou. Boundary geometric control of a linear stefan problem.Journal of Process Control, 24(6):939Ð946, 2014.Historical note. The problem is named after Josef Stefan (Jožef Stefan), the Slovenian physicist who introduced the general class of such problems around 1890 in a series of four papers concerning the freezing of the ground and the formation of sea ice. However, some 60 years earlier, in 1831, an equivalent problem, concerning the formation of the Earth's crust, had been studied by Lamé and ...American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 12700 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 200 Reston, VA 20191-5807 703.264.7500For the acoustic treatment of a studio, three things are essential: Preventing first reflections, eliminating room modes and reducing reverberation. We offer various solutions for the acoustic optimization of your studio. The most important acoustic aids for installation in studio rooms are so-called porous absorbers, bass traps and diffusors.Banholzer, Stefan: Erscheinungsjahr: 2017: Zusammenfassung: In this thesis optimal control problems governed by linear convection-diffusion equations and bilateral control constraints are investigated. The optimal control problem is seen as a multiobjective optimization problem, with the objectives being the deviation of the state variable from ...control of the two-phase stefan problem, with an application to the continuous casting of steel. InDecision and Control (CDC), 2010 49th IEEE Conference on, pages 1731Ð1736. IEEE, 2010. [10] Ahmed Maidi and Jean-Pierre Corriou. Boundary geometric control of a linear stefan problem.Journal of Process Control, 24(6):939Ð946, 2014.Mar 01, 2000 · This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. To find out more, see our Privacy and Cookies policy. Close this notification The FOC method is performing real-time control of torque variations and control of angular speed and phase currents in transient and steady state. To achieve robust control three-phase variables are transformed into d-q rotating reference frame. Therefore these variables are in DC domain and henceAlexander Herzog, Stefan Schaal, Ludovic Righetti. Structured contact force optimization for kino-dynamic motion generation. arXiv:1605.08571, 2016. Nicholas Rotella, Michael Bloesch, Ludovic Righetti, Stefan Schaal. ... practical limitations of this mathematical technology can be addressed to solve control problems relevant in robotics ...README.md. NBFC is a cross-platform fan control service for notebooks. It comes with a powerful configuration system, which allows to adjust it to many different notebook models.problem. As a simple example from our everyday experience, consider the problem of playing tennis at top international level. One can readily accept that one needs good eye sight (sensors) and strong muscles (actuators) to play tennis at this level, but these attributes are not sufficient. Indeed eye-hand coordination (i.e. control) is also ...Using the code. In order to be able to use the control, you should add a reference to the Rotator.dll file in your project. Once that is done, you will be able to see the control available in the toolbox window, and you can drag and drop it onto your form. The frames are moved on the X or Y axis, down-to-up/right-to-left.Succeeding in the 21st century requires many competencies, including creativity, life-long learning, and collaboration skills (e.g., National Research Council, 2011; Griffin and Care, 2015), to name only a few.One competence that seems to be of central importance is the ability to solve complex problems (Mainzer, 2009).Mainzer quotes the Nobel prize winner Simon (1957) who wrote as early as 1957:This monograph introduces breakthrough control algorithms for partial differential equation models with moving boundaries, the study of which is known as the Stefan problem. The algorithms can be used to improve the performance of various processes with phase changes, such as additive manufacturing.…One of the most general frameworks for phrasing control problems for complex, redundant robots is operational-space control. However, while this framework is of essential importance for robotics and well understood from an analytical point of view, it can be prohibitively hard to achieve accurate control in the face of modeling errors, which are inevitable in complex robots (e.g. humanoid robots).Jan 14, 2021 · German Version on netbrothers.de Version control and versioning in Symfony and Doctrine based on SQL-Triggers: Our NetBrothers VersionBundle creates versions for records in the SQL-database on the fly. After our switch from Zend framework to Symfony and from the Propel ORM to Doctrine we were faced with a problem: Versioning…. It Could Be Years Before America's Inflation Problem Is Under Control. Listen long enough to Jerome Powell, the Chair of the Federal Reserve, and you're likely to hear him tell you that the ...Jul 04, 2012 · The Molyneux Problem. [ Universally Preferable Behavior: A Rational Proof for Secular Ethics • By Stefan Molyneux • Freedomain Library, 2007 • 134 pages 1] Stefan Molyneux is a popular libertarian broadcaster who has in recent years acquired a considerable following. In Universally Preferable Behavior, he takes on an ambitious task. @Stefan Pendl Thanks for all your help. Unfortunately at this point I can't find a way to get my desired result without spitting the surfaces as mentioned above by @Gerrit Koelewijn (Employee) . Nice tip by the way! On the other hand this seems like such a simple and often desired thing to want to control.7.2 Moving boundary problem: Stefan problem. A Stefan problem is a moving boundary problem. In the context of solidification/melting problems, other terminologies for the moving boundary are free boundary, phase change boundary, melting front, freezing front, or phase change front [14,15]. In its simplest formulation a Stefan problem is a linear 1D problem, where conduction is the predominant heat transfer mechanism and the convective term is not included in the energy equation. AcroPdf Active X control with Reader 9.0. We have been developing a Windows .NET based solution that displays PDF files. We have been using the AcroPDF.dll active X component which further launches the AcroRd32.exe. 1. Upon installation of Reader 9.0, we no longer see the AcroRd32.exe in the task manager. 2.A number of basic algorithms for the numerical analysis and control of bifurcation phenomena are described. The emphasis is on algorithms based on pseudoarclength continuation for algebraic equations. Several illustrative examples computed with the AUTO software package are included.Constraints that make the problem hard Under-actuation In tasks such as locomotion and object manipulation, some DOFs cannot be controlled directly. These un-actuated DOFs are precisely the ones we would like to control. Obstacles Obstacles can turn a control problem into a complicated maze. Solving such problems requires path planning,This paper presents a control design for the one-phase Stefan problem under actuator delay via a backstepping method. The Stefan problem represents a liquid-solid phase change phenomenon which describes the time evolution of a material's temperature profile and the interface position.Microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) is a pollution of growing concern. Microplastic pollution is a complex issue that requires systematic attempts to provide an overview and avoid management solutions that have marginal effects or only move the pollution problem. Substance flow analysis (SFA) has been proposed as a useful tool to receive ...Post by Ralf Hildebrandt This is on Windows 7 Wed May 11 10:04:33 2011 OpenVPN 2.2.0 Win32-MSVC++ [SSL] [LZO2] built on Apr 26 2011 Wed May 11 10:04:43 2011 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scriptsIn the Customize Keyboard dialog box, look for the CopyFormat command (assigned to Ctrl+Shift+C by default) and PasteFormat command (Ctrl+Shift+V). Much obliged, Stephan. Interesting that CopyFormat is listed on the Home tab list, but PasteFormat is only in All Commands. It occurred to me prior to hearing from you that my colleague in Asia may ...AcroPdf Active X control with Reader 9.0. We have been developing a Windows .NET based solution that displays PDF files. We have been using the AcroPDF.dll active X component which further launches the AcroRd32.exe. 1. Upon installation of Reader 9.0, we no longer see the AcroRd32.exe in the task manager. 2.Optimal control (motion planning) of the free interface in classical two-phase Stefan problems is considered. The evolution of the free interface is modeled by a level set function. The first-order optimality system is derived on a formal basis. It provides gradient information based on the adjoint temperature and adjoint level set [email protected] Pendl Thanks for all your help. Unfortunately at this point I can't find a way to get my desired result without spitting the surfaces as mentioned above by @Gerrit Koelewijn (Employee) . Nice tip by the way! On the other hand this seems like such a simple and often desired thing to want to control.The classical Stefan problem aims to describe the evolution of the boundary between two phases of a material undergoing a phase change, for example the melting of a solid, such as ice to water. This is accomplished by solving heat equations in both regions, subject to given boundary and initial conditions. At the interface between the phases ... [8] Avner Friedman and , Li Jiang, Nonlinear optimal control problems in heat conduction, SIAM J. Control Optim., 21 (1983), 940-952 10.1137/0321057 84m:49013 0533.49003 Link ISI Google Scholar [9] S. L. Kamenomostkaja , On Stefan's problem , Math.Gun control may be portrayed as a measure to reduce crime, 1. but even in its earliest forms firearms regulation has been used as a means to control specific societal groups by keeping them from possessing weapons. The first selectively restrictive gun control legislation was enacted in the pre-Revolution South and primarily aimedHence, when adding the legend patchwork centers is as demanded by the gtable layout. One option to control the positioning or the padding of the legend would be to squash the first column via cowplot::gtable_squash_cols and if desired add some padding by adding a new column with the desired amount of padding via gtable::gtable_add_cols ...Alexander Herzog, Stefan Schaal, Ludovic Righetti. Structured contact force optimization for kino-dynamic motion generation. arXiv:1605.08571, 2016. Nicholas Rotella, Michael Bloesch, Ludovic Righetti, Stefan Schaal. ... practical limitations of this mathematical technology can be addressed to solve control problems relevant in robotics ...Figure 1. Experimental setup for investigation of domain-wall motion and the analogy with the classical Stefan problem. (a) 3D topography image and schematic showing an EBID Pt line electrode deposited on the ferroelectric thin film and contacted by a conducting probe, which is biased relative to the SRO lower electrode. (b) Cross-section view of the experimental setup showing partial ...Jan 23, 1997 · Cut off the antenna about 1.5 cm from the receiver, and strip about 1/2 cm of insulation off the part that’s still connected to the receiver. Tin this end. Feed the 14 wires through the appropriate openings in the case, and reassemble the receiver. Fold the wires over the top of the receiver, so the ends are where the cut-off antenna is. In 2019, Oregon passed the nation's first-ever statewide rent control law, limiting annual rent increases to 7 percent per year plus inflation. California followed suit a few months later with a 5 ...Problem Set 1. Problem Set 2. Problem Set 3 (part 1) part 2 . Problem Set 4. Problem Sets 5, 6 and 7----- Homework solutions are sent by email For Matlab problems remember to include your code. ----- Examinations Mid Term I Mid Term II Final----- Other Resources (OR) My lecture notes on Optimal Control (ENEE 664) My lecture notes on (Linear ...New Rumor Vs. Reality Reality: The existence of a vulnerability in election technology is not evidence that the vulnerability has been exploited or that the results of an election have been impacted. Technology has vulnerabilities. Identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities is an important security practice. Rumor: Vulnerabilities in election technology mean that elections have been hacked and ...Covey tells us that in life our Circle of Influence is most often smaller than the Circle of Concern. We can't control the economy or a company merger. As we react, we tend to focus on the Circle of Concern, which depletes our energy, because we have no control over it. The energy focused on the Circle of Concern is negative.Stefan rose from a lecturer in the subject of mathematical physics in 1858 to a professor Ordinarius of physics in 1863 and to the director of the Physical Institute in 1866, at the University of Vienna. Five years later he derived his law empirically. The same was derived theoretically by Ludwig Bolzmann of Austria and hence became known as ...1 day ago · It Could Be Years Before America’s Inflation Problem Is Under Control. Listen long enough to Jerome Powell, the Chair of the Federal Reserve, and you’re likely to hear him tell you that the ... One of the most general frameworks for phrasing control problems for complex, redundant robots is operational-space control. However, while this framework is of essential importance for robotics and well understood from an analytical point of view, it can be prohibitively hard to achieve accurate control in the face of modeling errors, which are inevitable in complex robots (e.g. humanoid robots).README.md. NBFC is a cross-platform fan control service for notebooks. It comes with a powerful configuration system, which allows to adjust it to many different notebook models.performance—such as investment philosophy and risk control processes—manager selection is traditionally presented alongside performance appraisal. In the Certificate in Investment Performance Measurement (CIPM®) curriculum, manager selection is a component activity of performance evaluation. Exhibit 3 illustrates these activities.Gun control may be portrayed as a measure to reduce crime, 1. but even in its earliest forms firearms regulation has been used as a means to control specific societal groups by keeping them from possessing weapons. The first selectively restrictive gun control legislation was enacted in the pre-Revolution South and primarily aimedBuy Control System Design - With CD 01 edition (9780139586538) by Graham C. Goodwin, Stefan F. Graebe and Mario E. Salgado for up to 90% off at Textbooks.com.Stefan Problem (Phase Change Model) 3D-Printing Lithium Ion Batteries Cryosurgery Sea Ice Physical Model: Melting 0 50 100 150 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Time (min) s ( t ), ös ( t ) with phase transition which appears in various situations s(t), state sö(t),estimation s r=0.35m Fig. 1. The moving interface.The reason is that the Stefan condition on the free boundary includes the saltus of the boundary flux from neighbouring phases, and by fixing free boundary as a control parameter the Stefan... Stefan, Here is a link to an MVP forum page that the same problem I'm having now was a known MS glitch. This thread, which describes exactly the same problem I'm having now, was back in 2007 but it does not look like it was ever resolved. I'm wondering if there has been a patch or a workaround for it.Regions Of Attraction And Applications To Control Theory ( Mathematical Problems In Engineering And Aerospace Sciences)| Stefan Balint, The Golden Rhyme|Deen M. Musa, In Our Neighbourhood: A Regional Theatre And Its Local Community (Culture Makes Communities)|Dick Downing, Economic Self-Sufficiency - Oxford Pamphlets On World Affairs No. 4|A.Covey tells us that in life our Circle of Influence is most often smaller than the Circle of Concern. We can't control the economy or a company merger. As we react, we tend to focus on the Circle of Concern, which depletes our energy, because we have no control over it. The energy focused on the Circle of Concern is negative.The numerical analysis of the Stefan problem has been considered in several works. A ﬁ-nite diﬀerence method for the multi-dimensional Stefan problem is discussed in Meyer [32]. The author presents a convergent numerical scheme which is the implicit analogue of the method of Ka-menomostskaja [27].Hence, when adding the legend patchwork centers is as demanded by the gtable layout. One option to control the positioning or the padding of the legend would be to squash the first column via cowplot::gtable_squash_cols and if desired add some padding by adding a new column with the desired amount of padding via gtable::gtable_add_cols ...README.md. NBFC is a cross-platform fan control service for notebooks. It comes with a powerful configuration system, which allows to adjust it to many different notebook models.Regions Of Attraction And Applications To Control Theory ( Mathematical Problems In Engineering And Aerospace Sciences)| Stefan Balint, The Golden Rhyme|Deen M. Musa, In Our Neighbourhood: A Regional Theatre And Its Local Community (Culture Makes Communities)|Dick Downing, Economic Self-Sufficiency - Oxford Pamphlets On World Affairs No. 4|A.In the Customize Keyboard dialog box, look for the CopyFormat command (assigned to Ctrl+Shift+C by default) and PasteFormat command (Ctrl+Shift+V). Much obliged, Stephan. Interesting that CopyFormat is listed on the Home tab list, but PasteFormat is only in All Commands. It occurred to me prior to hearing from you that my colleague in Asia may ...Gun control may be portrayed as a measure to reduce crime, 1. but even in its earliest forms firearms regulation has been used as a means to control specific societal groups by keeping them from possessing weapons. The first selectively restrictive gun control legislation was enacted in the pre-Revolution South and primarily aimedThe concept of self-control is incorporated in a theory of individual intertemporal choice by modeling the individual as an organization. The individual at a point in time is assumed to be both a farsighted planner and a myopic doer. The resulting conflict is seen to be fundamentally similar to the agency conflict between the owners and managers of a firm. Both individuals and firms use the ...Microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) is a pollution of growing concern. Microplastic pollution is a complex issue that requires systematic attempts to provide an overview and avoid management solutions that have marginal effects or only move the pollution problem. Substance flow analysis (SFA) has been proposed as a useful tool to receive ...Optimal Control of the Stefan Type Free Boundary Problems. We consider an inverse free boundary problem, the inverse Stefan problem (ISP), for the general second order linear parabolic PDE (a(x;t)u x) x + b(x;t)u x + c(x;t)u u t = f(x;t) where u is the temperature, f is the density of heat sources, and a;b, and c re ect non-homogeneity of the ...Stefan problem of ?5 and that the points a and b found in ?6 are also the optimal boundaries for the control problem. If we have only one mode of control, as in the Monotone Follower Problems of [10] and [12], then we can solve the control problem by solving an optimal stopping problem for one person (i.e., in a nongame setting).The algorithm is applied to the well-studied Multiple Sourcing Problem as known from inventory management. Multiple sourcing is known to be a hard problem and usually tackled by parametric heuristics. We analyze several MSP instances with two and more suppliers and compare our results to state-of-the-art heuristics.Post by Ralf Hildebrandt This is on Windows 7 Wed May 11 10:04:33 2011 OpenVPN 2.2.0 Win32-MSVC++ [SSL] [LZO2] built on Apr 26 2011 Wed May 11 10:04:43 2011 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scriptsStefan, Here is a link to an MVP forum page that the same problem I'm having now was a known MS glitch. This thread, which describes exactly the same problem I'm having now, was back in 2007 but it does not look like it was ever resolved. I'm wondering if there has been a patch or a workaround for it.In the Customize Keyboard dialog box, look for the CopyFormat command (assigned to Ctrl+Shift+C by default) and PasteFormat command (Ctrl+Shift+V). Much obliged, Stephan. Interesting that CopyFormat is listed on the Home tab list, but PasteFormat is only in All Commands. It occurred to me prior to hearing from you that my colleague in Asia may ... 10l_1ttl